Lesson 2: German Pronunciation Rules - Lektion 2: Aussprache auf Deutsch

 

German Language Lesson 2: German Pronunciation Rules – A Complete Guide for Beginners



Welcome to Lesson 2 of our German Language Classes!

One of the biggest advantages of German is that pronunciation follows clear and logical rules. Once you learn these rules, reading German becomes much easier because most words are pronounced exactly as they are written.

In this lesson, you will learn the most important pronunciation rules used in everyday German.


1. German Vowels

A

Pronounced like "a" in "father".

Examples:

  • Mann (man)
  • Tag (day)
  • Name (name)

E

Pronounced like "e" in "bed" or sometimes like "ay".

Examples:

  • Bett (bed)
  • lesen (to read)
  • leben (to live)

I

Pronounced like "ee" in "see".

Examples:

  • ich (I)
  • vier (four)
  • sieben (seven)

O

Pronounced like "o" in "more".

Examples:

  • Brot (bread)
  • rot (red)
  • Rose (rose)

U

Pronounced like "oo" in "food".

Examples:

  • gut (good)
  • Schule (school)
  • Buch (book)

2. German Umlauts

Ä

Usually sounds similar to "e".

Examples:

  • Äpfel (apples)
  • Mädchen (girl)

Ö

No exact English equivalent.

Examples:

  • schön (beautiful)
  • hören (to hear)

Ü

No exact English equivalent.

Examples:

  • über (over)
  • Tür (door)
  • müde (tired)

3. The Letter S

This is one of the most important pronunciation rules in German.

S at the Beginning of a Word Before a Vowel

When S is followed by a vowel at the beginning of a word, it is pronounced like English "z".

Examples:

  • Sonne (sun)
  • Sommer (summer)
  • sagen (to say)
  • sehen (to see)
  • sieben (seven)

Pronunciation:

  • Sonne → Zonne
  • Sommer → Zommer
  • sehen → zehen

S Between Two Vowels

When S is located between two vowels, it is usually pronounced like "z".

Examples:

  • lesen (to read)
  • Rose (rose)
  • Nase (nose)
  • Hase (rabbit)
  • Musik (music)

Pronunciation:

  • lesen → le-zen
  • Rose → Ro-ze
  • Nase → Na-ze

S Before a Consonant or at the End of a Word

Usually pronounced like normal "s".

Examples:

  • Haus (house)
  • Maus (mouse)
  • Bus (bus)
  • ist (is)
  • fast (almost)

4. Double S (ss)

Always pronounced as a sharp "s".

Examples:

  • Wasser (water)
  • essen (to eat)
  • müssen (must)
  • Kasse (cash desk)

5. The Letter ß

The letter ß (Eszett) is also pronounced as a sharp "s".

Examples:

  • Straße (street)
  • heißen (to be called)
  • groß (big)
  • Fuß (foot)

6. SCH

SCH is always pronounced like English "sh".

Examples:

  • Schule
  • Schwester
  • schreiben
  • Schuh

7. SP at the Beginning of a Word

SP is pronounced "shp".

Examples:

  • Sport
  • sprechen
  • sparen
  • Spiel

8. ST at the Beginning of a Word

ST is pronounced "sht".

Examples:

  • Straße
  • Stadt
  • stehen
  • Student

9. CH

German has two CH sounds.

Soft CH

After:

  • e
  • i
  • ä
  • ö
  • ü

Examples:

  • ich
  • nicht
  • Milch
  • Licht

Hard CH

After:

  • a
  • o
  • u

Examples:

  • Buch
  • machen
  • kochen
  • suchen

10. EI

Pronounced like "eye".

Examples:

  • mein
  • drei
  • Eis
  • Wein

11. IE

Pronounced like "ee".

Examples:

  • vier
  • Liebe
  • sieben
  • Familie

12. EU

Pronounced like "oy".

Examples:

  • heute
  • Deutsch
  • Europa
  • Freunde

13. ÄU

Pronounced exactly like EU.

Examples:

  • Häuser
  • Bäume
  • Träume

14. AU

Pronounced like "ow".

Examples:

  • Haus
  • Maus
  • laufen
  • Auto

15. The Letter W

German W is pronounced like English V.

Examples:

  • Wasser
  • Winter
  • wohnen
  • Woche

16. The Letter V

Usually pronounced like F.

Examples:

  • Vater
  • Vogel
  • Volk

Exception:

  • Video
  • Vase

17. The Letter Z

Always pronounced "ts".

Examples:

  • Zeit
  • Zimmer
  • zehn
  • Zeitung

18. Silent H

H is often silent and simply lengthens the preceding vowel.

Examples:

  • gehen
  • sehen
  • wohnen
  • Sohn

19. The German R

The German R is usually pronounced in the throat.

Examples:

  • Regensburg
  • rot
  • richtig
  • arbeiten

Reading Practice

Read aloud:

Hallo!

Ich heiße Sabina.

Ich komme aus Rumänien.

Ich lerne Deutsch.

Heute gehe ich in die Schule.

Meine Freunde sprechen Deutsch.

Im Sommer scheint die Sonne.


Homework

Read aloud five times:

  • Sonne
  • Sommer
  • sagen
  • sehen
  • lesen
  • Rose
  • Nase
  • Schule
  • sprechen
  • Straße
  • Deutschland
  • Freunde
  • Häuser
  • Wasser
  • Regensburg

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